Cyber Security Universe

Windows internals is a fascinating field of study that delves into the inner workings of the Windows operating system. It encompasses various components such as the kernel, device drivers, processes, threads, memory management, and file systems. By understanding these fundamental concepts, you can gain insights into how Windows manages resources, handles hardware interactions, and executes user applications. 1. Windows Kernel The Windows kernel, often referred to as the heart of the operating system, is responsible for managing system resources and providing a bridge between hardware and software. It handles tasks such as process and thread management, memory allocation, and input/output operations. By studying the kernel, you can gain a deeper understanding of how Windows manages processes and ensures the stability and security of the system. 2. Device Drivers Device drivers play a crucial role in Windows internals as they enable communication between hardware devices and the oper...

Allowing Access to AWS Tags in Instance Metadata As an AWS user, you may be familiar with the concept of instance metadata. Instance metadata provides valuable information about your EC2 instances, such as its instance ID, security group, and public IP address. However, by default, AWS does not include the tags associated with an instance in its metadata. Tags are key-value pairs that you can assign to your AWS resources, including EC2 instances. They provide additional information and context to help you manage and organize your resources effectively. Being able to access tags in instance metadata can be beneficial for various use cases, such as automation, monitoring, and resource identification. In this blog post, we will explore how to enable access to AWS tags in instance metadata. Step 1: Create an IAM Role The first step is to create an IAM role that allows EC2 instances to access the necessary AWS resources. Follow these steps: Open the IAM console in the AWS Management Console...

When managing your SSL certificates in AWS, you may come across a situation where you need to remove a disassociated IP address from a multi-domain SSL certificate. This could be due to various reasons, such as decommissioning an old IP address or updating your infrastructure. In this guide, we will walk you through the steps to remove the disassociated AWS IP from your multi-domain SSL certificate. Step 1: Access the AWS Management Console Start by logging into your AWS Management Console. Once logged in, navigate to the AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) service. Step 2: Select the Certificate In the ACM dashboard, locate the multi-domain SSL certificate that contains the disassociated IP address. Click on the certificate to select it. Step 3: Remove the Disassociated IP Within the certificate details page, you will find a section titled "Associated Resources." This section lists all the resources associated with the certificate, including the disassociated IP address. To remove...

Introduction In today's digital age, security is of utmost importance for any online business or website. One of the most effective ways to ensure the security of your website and protect sensitive user information is by using an SSL certificate. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificates encrypt the data transmitted between a user's browser and the website, making it virtually impossible for hackers to intercept and misuse the information. What is a Multi Domain SSL Certificate? A Multi Domain SSL certificate, also known as a Subject Alternative Name (SAN) certificate, is a type of SSL certificate that allows you to secure multiple domains or subdomains with a single certificate. This means that you can protect several websites or subdomains with just one certificate, making it a cost-effective solution for businesses with multiple online properties. Pros of Multi Domain SSL Certificates 1. Cost-effective: With a Multi Domain SSL certificate, you can secure multiple domains or su...

Decoding the Enigma: Unraveling the JWT Confusion Attack and Exploitation Introduction: In the vast landscape of cybersecurity, threats constantly evolve, and new challenges emerge. One such formidable adversary is the JWT (JSON Web Token) Confusion Attack. This stealthy exploit has been making waves in the cybersecurity community, demanding attention and vigilance from developers and security experts alike. Let's embark on a journey to demystify the JWT Confusion Attack, understand its intricacies, and explore how it can be exploited. Unveiling JWT: A Brief Overview: JSON Web Tokens, or JWTs, have become a popular method for securely transmitting information between parties. These tokens consist of three parts: a header, a payload, and a signature. The header and payload are base64-encoded JSON objects, and the signature is used to verify the integrity of the token. The JWT Confusion Attack: JWT Confusion Attack is a subtle manipulation that takes advantage of the similarity betwe...

 ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕವಾಗಿ, ಸಾಫ್ಟ್‌ವೇರ್ ಅನೇಕ ವಿಧಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ನಡೆಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ - ಅವು ವೆಬ್‌ಆಪ್ಲಿಕೇಶನ್ಸ್, ಮೊಬೈಲ್ ಅಪ್ಲಿಕೇಶನ್ಸ್, ಡೆಸ್ಕ್ಟಾಪ್ ಆಪ್ಲಿಕೇಶನ್ಸ್ ಅಥವಾ ಇತರ ವಿಧಗಳಲ್ಲಿದ್ದರೂ, ಅವುಗಳ ಭದ್ರತೆ ಸರ್ವಸ್ವವಾಗಿ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿದೆ. ಬೇಕಾದಷ್ಟು ಸಾಫ್ಟ್‌ವೇರ್ ಅಪ್ಲಿಕೇಶನ್ಸ್ ಮೂಲ ಸ್ರೋತಗಳಿಂದ ಬರುವ ವ್ಯಾಕುಲಕರ ಭದ್ರತಾ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳಿಗೆ ತೆಗೆದುಹಾಕುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸಮಯ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಗಳು ಅಗತ್ಯವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ. ಸ್ಥಿರ ಅಪ್ಲಿಕೇಶನ್ ಭದ್ರತಾ ಪರೀಕ್ಷಣ (Static Application Security Testing ಅಥವಾ SAST) ಎಂಬುದು ಈ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಹರಿಸಲು ಒಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕ್ರಿಯೆಯಾಗಿದೆ. SAST ಒಂದು ಅಪ್ಲಿಕೇಶನ್ ಕೋಡಿಗೆ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ ನೀಡುವ ರೂಪದಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಮಿಂಗ್ ಭದ್ರತಾ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ಕೋಡ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರದ ಮೂಲಕ ಅಪ್ಲಿಕೇಶನ್ ಕೋಡ್ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆಗೆ ಮೊದಲ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆಯನ್ನು ಬಗೆಹರಿಸುವುದು. SAST ವಿಧಾನದಲ್ಲಿ, ಕೋಡ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಕ ಸಾಧನಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿ ಅಪ್ಲಿಕೇಶನ್ ಕೋಡ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಕ ಸಾಫ್ಟ್‌ವೇರ್ ವಿಕಸನಾ ವರ್ಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಅನ್ವಯಿಸಲ್ಪಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ಪ್ರಧಾನವಾಗಿ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಕೋಡ್‌ನ ವಿವಿಧ ಸ್ವರೂಪಗಳನ್ನು, ಸಹಯೋಗದ ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಮ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು, ಲೂಪ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು, ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಪ್ಯಾಟರ್ನ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದರ ಮೂಲಕ, ಸಾಫ್ಟ್‌ವೇರ್ ವಿಕಸನಾ ಪ್ರಕ್ರ...

Introduction With the global increase in JSON Web Token (JWT) usage, the attack surface has also increased significantly. Having said that, this utility is designed with the aim to generate the new JWT token with little or no time which would help security enthusiasts to find security flaws in JWT implementation like JWT Algorithm Confusion Attack. This tool is designed to automate the process of modifying the JWT algorithm of input JWT Token and then generate the new JWT based on the new algorithm. Requirements Python 3 (tested and working fine in python-3.7.7/Kali and python-3.8.2/Windows 10) pip3 install pycryptodomex Features Detects the algorithm of the input JWT Token Base64 decode the input JWT Token Generate new JWT by changing the algorithm of the input JWT to ‘none’ Generate new JWT by changing the algorithm of the input JWT to ‘HS256’ Generate new JWT by changing the algorithm of the input JWT to ‘HS384’ Generate new JWT by changing the algorithm of the input JWT to ‘HS512’ ...